|  | 5.6 | Basic Topologies Used in Networking
| 5.6.4 | Dual ring network topology
Mathematical Perspective A dual ring topology consists of two concentric rings, each of which is linked only to its adjacent ring neighbor. The two rings are not connected. Physical Perspective A dual ring topology is the same as a ring topology, except that there is a second, redundant ring, that connects the same devices. In other words, in order to provide reliability and flexibility in the network, each networking device is part of two independent ring topologies. Logical Perspective A dual ring topology acts like two independent rings, of which, only one at a time is used.